Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating eye disorders and diseases. They are trained to provide a wide range of eye care services, including prescribing glasses and contact lenses, performing surgery, and managing medical conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration. The field of ophthalmology encompasses various subspecialties, such as pediatric ophthalmology, retina and vitreous, cornea and external diseases, oculoplastics, and neuro-ophthalmology, each focusing on specific aspects of eye health and treatment.